True/False
Indicate whether the
statement is true or false.
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1.
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The Equal Protection Clause requires that all persons be treated equally in all
respects.
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2.
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The Supreme Court has always acknowledged that not all laws creating
classifications are unconstitutional.
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3.
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Segregation has always been considered invidious discrimination by the
courts.
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4.
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Where a private party uses the courts to enforce discriminatory practices, the
Court will find state
action so as to find a Fourteenth Amendment violation.
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5.
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A law targets a suspect class when it classifies a group based on race,
ethnicity, or national origin.
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6.
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Laws that discriminate on the basis of gender or legitimacy are subject to
review under the rational basis test.
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7.
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When a law does not target a suspect or quasi-suspect class or affect a
fundamental right, the
Court applies the rational basis test.
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8.
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Strict scrutiny requires a “legitimate” governmental interest for
the law, as opposed to the “compelling” government interest required under the rational
basis test.
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9.
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The Court upheld a state law on statutory rape involving minors that applied to
men but not to
women.
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10.
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“One person, one vote” does not occur when the number of elected
officials from different districts or geographical areas is not in proportion to the population of
each district or if districts are configured in such a way as to defeat the interests of minority
groups.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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11.
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The Equal Protection Clause is found in
a. | the Fifth Amendment | c. | the Fourteenth Amendment | b. | the Thirteenth
Amendment | d. | the Fifteenth
Amendment |
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12.
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The Court in Plessy v. Ferguson
a. | outlawed segregation | c. | overruled Brown v. Board of Education | b. | upheld the practice
of segregation | d. | held that
segregation was invidious discrimination |
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13.
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A Washington, D.C., public school was prohibited from segregation because
of
a. | the Fifth Amendment Due Process Clause | c. | the Fourteenth Amendment Due
Process Clause | b. | the Fifth Amendment Equal Protection Clause | d. | the Fourteenth Amendment Equal Protection
Clause |
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14.
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The rational basis test for evaluating state laws
a. | is used when a law targets a suspect class or fundamental right | c. | is the lowest
standard used by the Court | b. | is the strictest standard used by the
Court | d. | usually results in
laws being declared unconstitutional |
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15.
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A suspect class is a classification that includes
a. | those groups who have historically been the target of discrimination | c. | any class that
claims it has been the victim of discrimination | b. | those individuals accused of
crimes | d. | all of the
above |
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16.
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Challenges against a state constitutional provision that allowed taxation of
personal property
owned by a corporation but not personal property owned by individuals were
evaluated
a. | under the rational basis test because it did not involve a suspect class or
fundamental right | c. | under strict scrutiny because it involved economic factors | b. | under the
intermediate scrutiny test because it involved a corporation, which is a
quasi-suspect
class. | d. | none of the above |
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17.
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The rational basis test is used to evaluate state laws that discriminate based
on
a. | age | c. | sexual preference | b. | economic factors | d. | all of the
above |
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18.
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Purposeful discrimination is required under
a. | rational basis test | c. | strict scrutiny test | b. | intermediate scrutiny test | d. | all of the
above |
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19.
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Because of lack of state action, the Supreme Court refused to find a violation
of the Equal Protection Clause where
a. | a deputy sheriff, hired by a private park to provide security, enforced a
discriminatory policy of
the park excluding blacks | c. | a private club, which had a liquor
license issued by the state, discriminated against blacks | b. | a privately owned
restaurant, which leased space from the state in a publicly owned building,
refused to serve
blacks | d. | none of the above;
the Court found state action in all of these situations |
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20.
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Which of the following is not a fundamental right?
a. | right to travel | c. | rights of criminal defendants | b. | right to
education | d. | right to
vote |
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